Introduction

The Encrypted Shuffle capability allows encryption of the MapReduce shuffle using HTTPS and with optional client authentication (also known as bi-directional HTTPS, or HTTPS with client certificates). It comprises:

• A Hadoop configuration setting for toggling the shuffle between HTTP and HTTPS.
• A Hadoop configuration settings for specifying the keystore and truststore properties (location, type, passwords) used by the shuffle service and the reducers tasks fetching shuffle data.
• A way to re-load truststores across the cluster (when a node is added or removed).

Configuration

    ...
    <property>
      <name>hadoop.ssl.require.client.cert</name>
      <value>false</value>
      <final>true</final>
    </property>

    <property>
      <name>hadoop.ssl.hostname.verifier</name>
      <value>DEFAULT</value>
      <final>true</final>
    </property>

    <property>
      <name>hadoop.ssl.keystores.factory.class</name>
      <value>org.apache.hadoop.security.ssl.FileBasedKeyStoresFactory</value>
      <final>true</final>
    </property>

    <property>
      <name>hadoop.ssl.server.conf</name>
      <value>ssl-server.xml</value>
      <final>true</final>
    </property>

    <property>
      <name>hadoop.ssl.client.conf</name>
      <value>ssl-client.xml</value>
      <final>true</final>
    </property>
    ...

    ...
    <property>
      <name>mapreduce.shuffle.ssl.enabled</name>
      <value>true</value>
      <final>true</final>
    </property>
    ...

Keystore and Truststore Settings

Currently FileBasedKeyStoresFactory is the only KeyStoresFactory implementation. The FileBasedKeyStoresFactory implementation uses the following properties, in the ssl-server.xml and ssl-client.xml files, to configure the keystores and truststores.

<configuration>

  <!-- Server Certificate Store -->
  <property>
    <name>ssl.server.keystore.type</name>
    <value>jks</value>
  </property>
  <property>
    <name>ssl.server.keystore.location</name>
    <value>${user.home}/keystores/server-keystore.jks</value>
  </property>
  <property>
    <name>ssl.server.keystore.password</name>
    <value>serverfoo</value>
  </property>

  <!-- Server Trust Store -->
  <property>
    <name>ssl.server.truststore.type</name>
    <value>jks</value>
  </property>
  <property>
    <name>ssl.server.truststore.location</name>
    <value>${user.home}/keystores/truststore.jks</value>
  </property>
  <property>
    <name>ssl.server.truststore.password</name>
    <value>clientserverbar</value>
  </property>
  <property>
    <name>ssl.server.truststore.reload.interval</name>
    <value>10000</value>
  </property>
</configuration>

<configuration>

  <!-- Client certificate Store -->
  <property>
    <name>ssl.client.keystore.type</name>
    <value>jks</value>
  </property>
  <property>
    <name>ssl.client.keystore.location</name>
    <value>${user.home}/keystores/client-keystore.jks</value>
  </property>
  <property>
    <name>ssl.client.keystore.password</name>
    <value>clientfoo</value>
  </property>

  <!-- Client Trust Store -->
  <property>
    <name>ssl.client.truststore.type</name>
    <value>jks</value>
  </property>
  <property>
    <name>ssl.client.truststore.location</name>
    <value>${user.home}/keystores/truststore.jks</value>
  </property>
  <property>
    <name>ssl.client.truststore.password</name>
    <value>clientserverbar</value>
  </property>
  <property>
    <name>ssl.client.truststore.reload.interval</name>
    <value>10000</value>
  </property>
</configuration>

Activating Encrypted Shuffle

When you have made the above configuration changes, activate Encrypted Shuffle by re-starting all NodeManagers.

IMPORTANT: Using encrypted shuffle will incur in a significant performance impact. Users should profile this and potentially reserve 1 or more cores for encrypted shuffle.

ClientCertificates Client Certificates

Using Client Certificates does not fully ensure that the client is a reducer task for the job. Currently, Client Certificates (their private key) keystore files must be readable by all users submitting jobs to the cluster. This means that a rogue job could read such those keystore files and use the client certificates in them to establish a secure connection with a Shuffle server. However, unless the rogue job has a proper JobToken, it won't be able to retrieve shuffle data from the Shuffle server. A job, using its own JobToken, can only retrieve shuffle data that belongs to itself.

Reloading Truststores

By default the truststores will reload their configuration every 10 seconds. If a new truststore file is copied over the old one, it will be re-read, and its certificates will replace the old ones. This mechanism is useful for adding or removing nodes from the cluster, or for adding or removing trusted clients. In these cases, the client or NodeManager certificate is added to (or removed from) all the truststore files in the system, and the new configuration will be picked up without you having to restart the NodeManager daemons.

Debugging

NOTE: Enable debugging only for troubleshooting, and then only for jobs running on small amounts of data. It is very verbose and slows down jobs by several orders of magnitude. (You might need to increase mapred.task.timeout to prevent jobs from failing because tasks run so slowly.)

To enable SSL debugging in the reducers, set -Djavax.net.debug=all in the mapreduce.reduce.child.java.opts property; for example:

  <property>
    <name>mapred.reduce.child.java.opts</name>
    <value>-Xmx-200m -Djavax.net.debug=all</value>
  </property>

You can do this on a per-job basis, or by means of a cluster-wide setting in the mapred-site.xml file.

To set this property in NodeManager, set it in the yarn-env.sh file:

  YARN_NODEMANAGER_OPTS="-Djavax.net.debug=all $YARN_NODEMANAGER_OPTS"